Slide Puzzle Python Code Examples

OpenSlide Python is a Python interface to the OpenSlide library.

Description of 8-Puzzle Problem: The 15-puzzle (also called Gem Puzzle, Boss Puzzle, Game of Fifteen, Mystic Square and many others) is a sliding puzzle that consists of a frame of numbered square tiles in random order with one tile missing. The puzzle also exists in other sizes, particularly the smaller 8-puzzle. Given a puzzle board, return the least number of moves required so that the state of the board is solved. If it is impossible for the state of the board to be solved, return -1. Examples: Input: board = 1,2,3,4,0,5 Output: 1 Explanation: Swap the 0 and the 5 in one move.

OpenSlide is a C library that provides a simple interface for readingwhole-slide images, also known as virtual slides, which are high-resolutionimages used in digital pathology. These images can occupy tens of gigabyteswhen uncompressed, and so cannot be easily read using standard tools orlibraries, which are designed for images that can be comfortablyuncompressed into RAM. Whole-slide images are typically multi-resolution;OpenSlide allows reading a small amount of image data at the resolutionclosest to a desired zoom level.

OpenSlide can read virtual slides in several formats:

• Aperio (.svs, .tif)

• Hamamatsu (.ndpi, .vms, .vmu)

• Leica (.scn)

• MIRAX (.mrxs)

• Philips (.tiff)

• Sakura (.svslide)

• Trestle (.tif)

• Ventana (.bif, .tif)

• Generic tiled TIFF (.tif)

OpenSlide Python is released under the terms of the GNU Lesser GeneralPublic License, version 2.1.

Basic usage¶

OpenSlide objects¶

An open whole-slide image.

If any operation on the object fails, OpenSlideError is raised.OpenSlide has latching error semantics: once OpenSlideError israised, all future operations on the OpenSlide, other thanclose(), will also raise OpenSlideError.

close() is called automatically when the object is deleted.The object may be used as a context manager, in which case it will beclosed upon exiting the context.

filename (str) – the file to open

• OpenSlideUnsupportedFormatError – if the file is not recognized byOpenSlide

• OpenSlideError – if the file is recognized but an error occurred

Return a string describing the format vendor of the specified file.This string is also accessible via the PROPERTY_NAME_VENDORproperty.

If the file is not recognized, return None.

filename (str) – the file to examine

The number of levels in the slide. Levels are numbered from 0(highest resolution) to level_count-1 (lowest resolution).

A (width,height) tuple for level 0 of the slide.

A list of (width,height) tuples, one for each level of the slide.level_dimensions[k] are the dimensions of level k.

A list of downsample factors for each level of the slide.level_downsamples[k] is the downsample factor of level k.

Metadata about the slide, in the form of aMapping from OpenSlide property name toproperty value. Property values are always strings. OpenSlideprovides some standard properties, plusadditional properties that vary by slide format.

Images, such as label or macro images, which are associated with thisslide. This is a Mapping from imagename to RGBA Image.

Unlike in the C interface, these images are not premultiplied.

Return an RGBA Image containing thecontents of the specified region.

Unlike in the C interface, the image data is not premultiplied.

• location (tuple) – (x,y) tuple giving the top left pixel inthe level 0 reference frame

• level (int) – the level number

• size (tuple) – (width,height) tuple giving the region size

Return the best level for displaying the given downsample.

downsample (float) – the desired downsample factor

Return an Image containing an RGB thumbnailof the slide.

size (tuple) – the maximum size of the thumbnail as a(width,height) tuple

Close the OpenSlide object.

Standard properties¶

The openslide module provides attributes containing the names ofsome commonly-used OpenSlide properties.

The name of the property containing a slide's comment, if any.

The name of the property containing an identification of the vendor.

The name of the property containing the 'quickhash-1' sum.

The name of the property containing a slide's background color, if any.It is represented as an RGB hex triplet.

The name of the property containing a slide's objective power, if known.

The name of the property containing the number of microns per pixel inthe X dimension of level 0, if known.

The name of the property containing the number of microns per pixel inthe Y dimension of level 0, if known.

The name of the property containing the X coordinate of the rectanglebounding the non-empty region of the slide, if available.

The name of the property containing the Y coordinate of the rectanglebounding the non-empty region of the slide, if available.

The name of the property containing the width of the rectangle boundingthe non-empty region of the slide, if available.

The name of the property containing the height of the rectangle boundingthe non-empty region of the slide, if available.

Exceptions¶

An error produced by the OpenSlide library.

Once OpenSlideError has been raised by a particularOpenSlide, all future operations on that OpenSlide(other than close()) will also raiseOpenSlideError.

OpenSlide does not support the requested file. Subclass ofOpenSlideError.

Wrapping a PIL Image¶

A wrapper around an Image object thatprovides an OpenSlide-compatible API.

file – a filename or Image object

IOError – if the file cannot be opened

Return an OpenSlide for whole-slide images and anImageSlide for other types of images.

filename (str) – the file to open

• OpenSlideError – if the file is recognized by OpenSlide but anerror occurred

• IOError – if the file is not recognized at all

Deep Zoom support¶

OpenSlide Python provides functionality for generating individualDeep Zoom tiles from slide objects. This is useful for displayingwhole-slide images in a web browser without converting the entire slide toDeep Zoom or a similar format.

A Deep Zoom generator that wraps anOpenSlide orImageSlide object.

• osr – the slide object

• tile_size (int) – the width and height of a single tile. For bestviewer performance, tile_size+2*overlap should be a power of two.

• overlap (int) – the number of extra pixels to add to each interior edgeof a tile

• limit_bounds (bool) – True to render only the non-empty slideregion

An error produced by the OpenSlide library.

Once OpenSlideError has been raised by a particularOpenSlide, all future operations on that OpenSlide(other than close()) will also raiseOpenSlideError.

OpenSlide does not support the requested file. Subclass ofOpenSlideError.

Wrapping a PIL Image¶

A wrapper around an Image object thatprovides an OpenSlide-compatible API.

file – a filename or Image object

IOError – if the file cannot be opened

Return an OpenSlide for whole-slide images and anImageSlide for other types of images.

filename (str) – the file to open

• OpenSlideError – if the file is recognized by OpenSlide but anerror occurred

• IOError – if the file is not recognized at all

Deep Zoom support¶

OpenSlide Python provides functionality for generating individualDeep Zoom tiles from slide objects. This is useful for displayingwhole-slide images in a web browser without converting the entire slide toDeep Zoom or a similar format.

A Deep Zoom generator that wraps anOpenSlide orImageSlide object.

• osr – the slide object

• tile_size (int) – the width and height of a single tile. For bestviewer performance, tile_size+2*overlap should be a power of two.

• overlap (int) – the number of extra pixels to add to each interior edgeof a tile

• limit_bounds (bool) – True to render only the non-empty slideregion

The number of Deep Zoom levels in the image.

The total number of Deep Zoom tiles in the image.

A list of (tiles_x,tiles_y) tuples for each Deep Zoom level.level_tiles[k] are the tile counts of level k.

A list of (pixels_x,pixels_y) tuples for each Deep Zoom level.level_dimensions[k] are the dimensions of level k.

Return a string containing the XML metadata for the Deep Zoom .dzifile.

format (str) – the delivery format of the individual tiles(png or jpeg)

Return an RGB Image for a tile.

• level (int) – the Deep Zoom level

• address (tuple) – the address of the tile within the level as a(column,row) tuple

Return the OpenSlide.read_region() arguments corresponding to thespecified tile.

Most applications should use get_tile() instead.

• level (int) – the Deep Zoom level

• address (tuple) – the address of the tile within the level as a(column,row) tuple

Return a (pixels_x,pixels_y) tuple for the specified tile.

• level (int) – the Deep Zoom level

• address (tuple) – the address of the tile within the level as a(column,row) tuple

Example programs¶

Several Deep Zoom examples are included with OpenSlide Python:

A basic server for a single slide. It serves a web page with a zoomableslide viewer, a list of slide properties, and the ability to viewassociated images.

A basic server for a directory tree of slides. It serves an index pagewhich links to zoomable slide viewers for all slides in the tree.

A program to generate and store a complete Deep Zoom directory tree for aslide. It can optionally store an HTML page with a zoomable slide viewer,a list of slide properties, and the ability to view associated images.

Python Powerpoint Slides

This program is intended as an example. If you need to generate Deep Zoomtrees for production applications, consider using VIPS instead.

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